The Stranger Analysis - 1837 Words

The Stranger: Analysis Author: Albert Camus Pierre Palmer English II. Period #5 Date: 10/4/9 copyright, by Pierre Palmer I. Biographical Insights A. Albert Camus cultures consist of being a novelist, literature and short story writer of many books. He wrote an essay on the state of Muslims in Algeria, causing him to lose his job and he moved to Paris. Albert Camus also joined the French resistance against the Nazis and became an editor of Combat, an underground newspaper. He was dissatisfied with the editorial of the Board and left the underground newspaper. B. Albert Camus, son of a working-class family, was born in Algeria in 1913, in an extreme poverty area. He spent the early years of his life in North Africa, where he†¦show more content†¦A. The people in this short quote is Monsieur as the judge is talking to him. The judge dont think Monsieur believe in Jesus because Monsieur is always talking about how he does not care about anything and he rather just be in jail where he belongs. B. The quote that I think the author is trying to carry out through the story is the second quote I wrote down, because the author is saying that you need to repent and ask for forgiveness to God. Monsieur lawyer keeps telling him about Jesus and telling Monsieur that he needs to forget about the wrong things that he did in life and repent to God, but Monsieur being big headed is not going to listen because he think what he did is wrong and he should pay the price for what he did. C. The allusion that Albert Camus is trying to get at, is that people believed in antichrist and Albert is trying to say that if you do something wrong in life you can always repent and ask God for forgiveness. V. Representative Passage on Tone and Authors Philosophy After a short time silence, he stood up and told me that he wanted to help me, that I interested him, and that, with Gods help, he would do something for me. A. I think this passage tell us about the author prospective because he is telling us that if you ask for help and if you want the help it will happened. So what I am trying to say is that I if you are not a Christian and you have a friend that believe in Jesus and if youShow MoreRelatedThe Little Stranger Analysis1114 Words   |  5 PagesYuliya Zubrilina Text analysis of â€Å"The little stranger† by Sarah Waters â€Å"The Little Stranger†Ã‚  is a 2009  gothic novel  written by  Sarah Waters. It is a  ghost story  set in a dilapidated mansion in  Warwickshire, England  in the 1940s. This novel features a male narrator, a country doctor who makes friends with a family with faded fortunes left simply with a very old estate that is crumbling around them. 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The American novelist and essayist, Siri Hustvedt, debatesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Stranger 1249 Words   |  5 PagesIn many works of literature, poetry and art, the sun is used to represent life, divine beauty and strength. In the poem Ah! Sunflower by William Blake for example, the sun represents joy and life. In the novel The Stranger, the author Albert Camus uses the sun in the opposite manner, making it serve as a negative motif throughout the novel. Conversely, Camus uses the sea as a motif to represent the positive and pleasurable feelings that Meursault actually wants to feel. The motifs of the sun and

Similarities Between Christianity And Judaism - 1629 Words

With the mystical unions in both Christianity and Judaism, there are many similarities. One of these similarities is the celebration of a wedding. In the Christian tradition, the wedding is between Christ and his people. When a person gets ready to take communion, they wear their Sunday best and they have prepared themselves to receive the Lord and be united with Him. In the Jewish tradition, the wedding that is being celebrated is that of the Shekinah and the Tiferet. This union brings the cosmos and the Sefirot in balance, which causes a rejoicing because God becomes one. This is done by the lower worlds are reunited with the upper worlds, which allows God graces to shine down. This wedding also returns the Jews to their homeland and return the Shekinah from exile (Sherwin). The wedding is a big aspect in both Christianity and Judaism. Both of these styles of unification with the Divine is a type of normal mysticism. Normal mysticism is defined as† enables a person to make normal, commonplace, recurrent situation and events occasions for worship†(p. 33). Both of these situations are recurrent and are for everyday people. Anyone can participate in and get a feeling of oneness with the Divine. They do not need any special training or go on a mystical journey to feel the presence of God. It is a mystic experience that any normal person can participate in. Another similarity is the breaking of bread and the drinking of wine. In the Christian tradition, the breaking ofShow MoreRelatedSimilarities Between Christianity And Judaism1160 Words   |  5 PagesChristianity and Judaism are surprisingly similar. They are both Abrahamic religions because they trace their history to Abraham in the Hebrew Bible. They are both monotheistic, and believe in angels and demons. Although they are extremely similar, the differences are still significant enough to separate into two religions. 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With Islam, a believerRead MoreDifferences Between Christianity And Judaism Essay848 Words   |  4 Pagesthe differences and similarities between Christianity and Judaism in an attempt to create more religious tolerance. Exploration and education lead to understanding and only when you understand can you feel compelled to navigate real relationships with your spiritual brothers. Christians and Jews all worship the same God; the paths are just different. Believe it or not, Christianity and Judaism are the most similar to all the major world religions. Both Christianity and Judaism believe in God and theRead MoreJudaism, Christianity, And Islam1052 Words   |  5 PagesAubrey Fletcher 3/9/15 Humanities Professor Michaud 417868 Judaism, Christianity, and Islam There are roughly 4,200 different religions in the world today, among them the largest are Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. These three religions are more similar then one would think. Christianity is the largest religion in the world with 2 billion followers and are called Christians. Islam is the second largest religion in the world with 1.3 billion followers. They are called Muslims, which means â€Å"oneRead MoreChristianity, Hinduism, And Islam1054 Words   |  5 Pagesown believes, however there are also many similarities in their believes. Although the followers of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam may see things differently, they basically hold the same values and codes. To Islam, the Prophet Mohammad’s teaching is a â€Å"complete and final revelation†. On the other hand, according to the bible, Christianity believes that Jesus Christ is the true lord and savior will grant you the access to heaven in the afterlife. Judaism is founded by Abraham, and it is the base

A Critical Analysis of A Midsummer Nights Dream William Shakespeare, born in 1594, is one of the greatest writers in literature Essay Example For Students

A Critical Analysis of A Midsummer Nights Dream William Shakespeare, born in 1594, is one of the greatest writers in literature Essay A Critical Analysis of A Midsummer Nights Dream William Shakespeare, born in 1594, is one of the greatest writers in literature. He dies in 1616 after completing many sonnets and plays. One of which is A Midsummer Nights Dream. They say that this play is the most purely romantic of Shakespeares comedies. The themes of the play are dreams and reality, love and magic. This extraordinary play is a play-with-in-a-play, which master writers only write successfully. Shakespeare proves here to be a master writer. Critics find it a task to explain the intricateness of the play, audiences find it very pleasing to read and watch. A Midsummer Nights Dream is a comedy combining elements of love, fairies, magic, and dreams. This play is a comedy about five couples who suffer through loves strange games and the evil behind the devious tricks. This play begins as Theseus, the Duke, is preparing to marry Hippolyta. He woos her with his sword. Hermia is in love with Lysander. Egeus, Hermias father, forbids the relationship with Lysander and orders her to marry Demetrius. Demetrius loves Hermia, but she does not love him. On the other hand, Helena is in love with Demetrius. To settle the confusion, Theseus decides that Hermia must marry Demetrius or become a nun. In retaliation to her fathers command, Hermia and Lysander run away together. Amidst all the problems in the human world, Titania and Oberon, the fairy queen and king, continually argue about their various relationships that they have taken part in. Scott 336 Titania leaves Oberon as a result of the arguments. Oberon is hurt and wants revenge on Titania. So he tells Puck, Oberons servant, to put a magic flower juice on her eyelids while she is sleeping. This potion causes the victim to desperately in love with the first creature that they see. Oberons plan is carried out, but the potion is also placed on Lysanders eyes. Lysander awakes to see Helena, who is aimlessly walking through the woods, and instantly falls in love with her. She thinks that he is making fun of her being in love with Demetrius, so she leaves and Lysander follows. This leaves Hermia to wake up alone. Puck now has journeyed to the area where several actors are rehearsing. He uses his magic to turn one of them into a donkey, in hopes that Titania will awake to see it. Just as planned, she awakes and falls in love with the donkey. Oberon and Puck overhear Demetrius and Hermia arguing about their relationships and realize that they had made a mistake. In hopes of solving the problem, Puck places magic juice on Demetrius while he is sleeping. He awakes to Helena, who now has two men in love with her. Hermia is devastated because Lysander does not love her anymore. Helena and Hermia argue because Helena thinks that Hermia is in on the mens joke. All four argue and leave. Puck persuades them to sleep all together and more of the antidote is placed on the eyes of Lysander. Titania also receives another dose of the potion, and awakes to her husband Oberon. A triple wedding is planned and everyone is happy. thinkquest. com 1-3 Throughout the play there are many references to the gender and sex roles of the characters. As described in the critical essay by Shirley Nelson Garner, the dominating male power and strange sex roles of the characters is fluent throughout the play. The ordering of the fairy, human, and natural worlds is a movement toward satisfying mens psychological needs; but it also disrupts womens bonds with each other. The argument between Titania and Oberon arises from Titanias focus of attention toward a stolen Indian boy. Oberon uses his authority to force Titania to give up the boy, and he is shocked when she disobeys him and leaves. Her attachment to the boy is erotic, because she treats him similar to Bottom after she falls in love with him by a spell. The underlying reason for Oberons complaint of Titania and the boys relationship is that he secretly wants the boy for himself. Oberon takes action because his power is threatened by Titanias love for the boy. He needs her too, so he wins the boy for himself to make her feel inferior. In other words, Titania gave up something that she loved to make her husband happy. This is seen in everyday life, women give up their wants to make their men happy. Titanias sacrifice for Oberon cost her to lose both her Indian boy and his mother, her women lover. When men dont make women happy, they turn to their friends for what they need, whatever it may be. Scott 370-373 Male domination not only exists between husband and wife, but also between father and daughter. Theseus will not allow Hermia to marry Lysander. Theseus wants her to marry Demetrius. Egeus, a ruler, will force Hermia to become a nun unless she marries Demetrius. In retaliation to his demands, Lysander and Hermia run away together. Hermia is scolded by Egeus for being in love with the man she chooses. This suggests that men cause women to feel forced and obligated to do as they say. Scott 373 Another example of male domination is the marriage of Theseus and Hippolyta. Theseus first wife was frail and yielding, and he divorced her. Hippolyta has been a warrior, and Theseus victory over her makes her unable to resist. By conquering the female warrior and marrying her, he fulfills his need for the exclusive love of a woman while satisfying his homoerotic desires. Close bonding fulfills this homoerotic desire with a male companion, such as Demetrius and Egeus. Scott 373-373 Male jealousy and need for dominance ruins womens relationships with friends and also turns to brutality. Hermia and Helena were once intimate friends, but Helena is suspicious of Hermias involvement in the mens joke. Bonds between women are just as important as mens bonds with each other, but jealousy leads to the end of womens happiness. Everyday Use Analysis EssayAfter their eyes were anointed, the world of supernatural at once takes over the stage, controlling their lives in a way they cannot guess at. The dreams come true, but are made to appear fruitless. Without knowing the dimension of dream in our lives, there can be no real self-knowledge. Garber 59-62 Delusion is the prelude to illusion. Lysander should produce this speech at a point when his actions are completely supernaturally or subconsciously controlled without the slightest hint of either reason or will. Reason has no place in the dream state, and when characters attempt to employ it, they frustrate their own ends. Garber 62-63 The memory of the dream itself is vague, because as the mind tries to rationalize what has been dreamed it only distorts the image. The instinct of the mind sets boundaries, while the process of dream blurs and obliterates those boundaries. Dutton 51 The pattern of the play is controlled and ordered by a series of vital contrasts: the conflict of the sleeping and waking states, the interchange of reality and illusion, reason and imagination, and the disparate spheres of the influence of Theseus and Oberon. All is related to the portrayal of the dream state. Garber 65-72 In this dramatic world where dreams are a reliable source of vision and insight, consistently truer than reality, they seek to interpret and transform. thinkquest. com 1 The imagery establishes the dream world in A Midsummer Nights Dream. The night creates a mysterious mood. At night, the fairy realm takes control. These fairies are brainless and deceitful, which leads to controversy between the mortals. The two worlds, united by moonlight, are active during their respectable times of the day. In the play, the fairy world is dominant, because there is only one scene containing daylight. The sounding of the horns while the sun rises announces the return of mortal sanity. The setting is imagery itself. The forest, with flowers, water, and the rest of nature seems to be away from the human world. This is a necessary setting for the dream world. Draper 3173 The main theme in the play is dreams. As discussed before, dreams are truer than reality because they are part of the unbounded world imagination. Magill 26 The fairies control the dreams; therefore they control your state of mind. Also a love-madness theme weaves together unrelated portions of the play. Shakespeare creates unity by flooding the play with moonlight. Kenneth 29 Irony is a large element in the play. Many of the situations are ironic. Instead of attracting and falling in love with a gentlewoman, Theseus won Hippolyta with his sword. Also, Helenas affection for Demetrius seems to make him hate her, but the hatred eventually turns to love. Helena constantly pursues Demetrius, just as deer chase tigers in the dream forest. Demetrius cruel treatment ironically compels her to love him more. The fairy world has greater impact than the real world. This is ironic because the fairies have no intelligence or emotions like mortals. Dutton 32-34 A Midsummer Nights Dream is said to be the most romantic of Shakespeares comedies. The fantasy world and erotic nature of the play draws interest to the play. This interest leads to the making of several different movies, and countless number of theater performances. The viewing of the play adds to its dramatic nature, allowing first hand contrast between how we felt and how someone else felt about the text. Dutton 147-150 Shakespeares masterpiece, A Midsummer Nights Dream, parallels with Romeo and Juliet. The similarity in characters and the plot suggest that Romeo and Juliet was written before A Midsummer Nights Dream. This play is a natural reaction of Shakespeares mind to Romeo because of his attitude toward love and life. Draper 3152 The similarities between the beginning of the Dream and the main situation of Romeo and Juliet are obvious. The forbidden love, deceit, and pain are all elements in the comparison. This suggests that Shakespeare borrowed and condensed material from Romeo and Juliet. The two fathers, Capulet and Egeus, give the same orders to their daughters. Capulet: An you be mine, Ill give you to my friend. An you be not, hang, beg, starve, die in the streets. Egeus: As she is mine, I many dispose her: Which shall be either to this gentleman or to her death. Magill 72-75 Egeus is less brutal, but just as threatening as Capulet. Lysander and Hermias artifici al complaint of love, the first in a series of hindrances in the course of true love. This is evidently a recollection of Romeo and Juliet. Mercutios description of Queen Mab seems to have clearly been borrowed from A Midsummer Nights Dream. It has exquisite delicacy and daintiness of the Dream, but is not an integral part of Romeo and Juliet. One element shared between the two plays directly is the moon. In Romeo and Juliet, the moon brings the two star-crossed lovers together at night. The Moon unites the mortal and spiritual worlds in A Midsummer Nights Dream. The two catastrophes are almost identical, making it strange that he wrote a serious play directly after the comedy. Magill 74-76 Many people, due to its magical plot, read A Midsummer Nights Dream. Shakespeare wonderfully combines mystery, love, disaster, and comedy into one play. This play is the most romantic and intricate plays written by Shakespeare. Many people, past and present, find it to be popular due the interesting elements and storylines in the play.

Mother theresa Persuasive Essay Example For Students

Mother theresa Persuasive Essay We all have our own heroes, people we admire and respect, people whomade an impact on our life, that made us look at the world with adifferent eye, Mother Teresa is definitely the one for me. Although the world is full of good people, great humanitarians thatreally care, people who donate billions of dollars, people who raisetheir voice to make a difference, Mother Teresa stands out in theIt is not how much we do, but how much love we put in the doing. It isnot how much we give, but how much love we put in the giving.She dedicated every day of her adult life caring for The dying, thecrippled, the mentally ill, the unwanted, the unloved and she lovedevery minute of it because she was loving, she was cleaning, feedingYes, she fed them, sheltered them, cleaned their wounds, but what ismore important is that she made them feel good, loved, and wanted. Shegave them back their dignity that poverty had taken away from them andeven if they died, they died with a smile on their face knowing thatsomebody loves them and somebody cares for them. Speak tenderly to them. Let there be kindness in your face, in youreyes, in your smile, in the warmth of your greeting. Always have acheerful smile. Dont only give your care, but give your heart asAgreeing or disagreeing with her on abortion, population control,divorce, or how she raised the money should not shadow Mother Teresaslife-long contribution and dedication to the poor and humanity. To criticize someone, Its really easy I suggest: stop criticizingMother Teresa was born August 27, 1910, in Skopje, Macedonia, as AgnesGonxha Bojaxhiu from Albanian parents: Nikolle and DrandafilleHer father was a successful and well known contractor, her mother was ahousewife. She was the youngest of three children. Mother Teresasfamily was a devoted catholic family. They prayed every evening andwent to church almost everyday. It was her familys generosity, carefor the poor and the less fortunate that made a great impact on youngBy the age of 12, she had made up her mind, she realized that hervocation was aiding the poor. At age 18, she then decided to become anun, and traveled to Dublin, Ireland, to join the Sisters of Loretto. After about a year in Ireland, she then leaves to join the Lorettoconvent in the northeast Indian city of Darjeeling, where she spends 17years teaching and being principal of St. Marys high school inIn 1946, Mother Teresas life is changed forever. While riding a trainto the mountain town of Darjeeling to recover from suspectedtuberculosis, on the 10th of September, she said that she received acalling from God to serve among the poorest of the poor. Less then ayear later she gets permission from the Catholic Church to leave herorder and move to Calcuttas slums to set up her first school. Sister Agnes who was a former student, becomes Mother Teresas firstfollower. Others soon follow, and papal approval arrives to create areligious order of nuns called the Missionaries of Charity. Thefoundation is celebrated on Oct. 7 1950, the feast of the Holy Rosary. To identify herself with the poor she chooses to wear a plain whitesari with a blue border and a simple cross pinned to her left shoulder. Their mission is as she would say when she accepted the Nobel peaceprize: to care for the hungry, the naked, the homeless, the crippled,the blind, the lepers, all those people who feel unwanted, unloved,uncared for throughout society, people that have become a burden to thesociety and are shunned by everyone.With the help of Calcutta officials she converts a portion of theabandoned temple to Kali, the Hindu goddess of death and destructioninto Kalighat Home for the Dying, where even the poorest people woulddie with dignity. Soon after she opens up Nirmal Hriday (Pure Heart),a home for the dying, and Shanti Nagar (Town of Peace), a leper colonyMother Teresa and the sisters continued opening houses all over Indiacaring for the poor, washing their wounds, soothing their sores, makingthem feel wanted. But her orders work spread across the world after1965, when Pope Paul VI granted Mother Teresas request to globallyWhether it was in Ethiopia feeding the hungry, the ghettos of SouthAfrica or it was her native country Albania when the communist regimecollapsed, Calcuttas Mother Teresa the living saint was there. .u8e0bf1cceabd5b0c1347237418df004d , .u8e0bf1cceabd5b0c1347237418df004d .postImageUrl , .u8e0bf1cceabd5b0c1347237418df004d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8e0bf1cceabd5b0c1347237418df004d , .u8e0bf1cceabd5b0c1347237418df004d:hover , .u8e0bf1cceabd5b0c1347237418df004d:visited , .u8e0bf1cceabd5b0c1347237418df004d:active { border:0!important; } .u8e0bf1cceabd5b0c1347237418df004d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8e0bf1cceabd5b0c1347237418df004d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8e0bf1cceabd5b0c1347237418df004d:active , .u8e0bf1cceabd5b0c1347237418df004d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8e0bf1cceabd5b0c1347237418df004d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8e0bf1cceabd5b0c1347237418df004d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8e0bf1cceabd5b0c1347237418df004d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8e0bf1cceabd5b0c1347237418df004d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8e0bf1cceabd5b0c1347237418df004d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8e0bf1cceabd5b0c1347237418df004d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8e0bf1cceabd5b0c1347237418df004d .u8e0bf1cceabd5b0c1347237418df004d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8e0bf1cceabd5b0c1347237418df004d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Martin Luther King Jr The Assassination of a Civil EssayIn 1982, at the height of the siege in Beirut she convinced the partiesto stop the war so she could rescue 37 sick children trapped inside. Mother Teresa became a symbol of untiring commitment to he poor andsuffering. She was probably the most admired women of all time,receiving so many rewards and prices for her outstanding work and sheused her reputation traveling all over the world raising money andIn 1962, she received the Pandma Shri prize for extraordinaryservices. In 1971, Pope Paul VI honors Mother Teresa by awarding herthe first Pope John XXXIII Peace Prize. In 1972, the Government ofIndia presents her with the Jawaharlel Nehru Award for InternationalUnderstanding. In 1979, She wins the Nobel Peace Prize. In 1985,President Reagan presents her the Medal of Freedom, the highest U.S. civilian award. In 1996, she becomes only the fourth person in theworld to receive an honorary U.S. citizenship. When she received the Nobel Prize she wore the same trademark, her $1sari and convinced the committee to cancel a dinner in her honor, usingthe money instead to feed 400 poor children for a year in India.Today Mother Teresas Missionaries of Charity now has 570 missions allover the world, comprising of 4,000 nuns, a brotherhood of 300 membersand over 100,000 volunteers operating homes for AIDS, leprosy andtuberculosis patients; soup kitchens, childrens and family counselingMother Teresas health was deteriorating, part from her age, part fromthe conditions where she was living, and part of it was from her tripsall over the world, opening new houses and raising money for the poor. In 1985, she suffered from a heart attack while in Rome visiting PopeJohn Paul II. In 1989, she suffered another almost fatal heart attackand had a pacemaker implanted. In 1991, she suffers pneumonia inTijuana, Mexico which leads to heart failure. In 1996, Mother Teresasuffers malaria, chest infection and undergoes heart surgery. On March13th 1997, Sister Nirmala is selected as Mother Teresas successor. Finally on September 5th 1997, The world learns that Mother TeresaAngel of Mercy had died at the age of 87. Queens and First Ladies, Presidents and Prime Ministers, former Headsof State, Ministers and envoys from over 23 countries, gatheredtogether on September 13, 1997 to pay their final respects to MotherTeresa, the Albanian nun who in 1996 topped the Gallup Poll as the mostadmired women in the world that devoted her life serving the poorest ofthe poor and urged the world not to forget of those in need. They all represented different countries, they all had different viewson divorce, abortion, religion, and they were all touched by thedevotion of Mother Teresa who like President Clinton said, has servedthe poor, the suffering and the dying, and in so doing she served as aninspiration and a challenge to all the rest of usAmong most notable dignitaries were Hillary Clinton, representing theUS, Bernadette Chirac for France, Italys Prime Minister, Oscar LuigiScalfaro, Canadas Deputy Prime Minister Peter Jennings, AlbaniasPresident Rexhep Mejdani, Ghanas President Jerry Rawlings, the Duchessof Kent represented the British Monarchy, Queen Noor of Jordan, QueenSofia of Spain, and Queen Fabiola of Belgium. The funeral was held at the Netaji Indoor Stadium which holds 15,000seats. At the insistence of the Missionaries of Charity, about half ofthose seats were reserved for those unfortunate people she servedduring her life. The State Funeral services usually reserved for headsof states were led by cardinal A. Sodano, the Vaticans secretary ofstate and the Popes representative. .u91cbd4b47ea6fcd7712d45fb08eee22c , .u91cbd4b47ea6fcd7712d45fb08eee22c .postImageUrl , .u91cbd4b47ea6fcd7712d45fb08eee22c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u91cbd4b47ea6fcd7712d45fb08eee22c , .u91cbd4b47ea6fcd7712d45fb08eee22c:hover , .u91cbd4b47ea6fcd7712d45fb08eee22c:visited , .u91cbd4b47ea6fcd7712d45fb08eee22c:active { border:0!important; } .u91cbd4b47ea6fcd7712d45fb08eee22c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u91cbd4b47ea6fcd7712d45fb08eee22c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u91cbd4b47ea6fcd7712d45fb08eee22c:active , .u91cbd4b47ea6fcd7712d45fb08eee22c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u91cbd4b47ea6fcd7712d45fb08eee22c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u91cbd4b47ea6fcd7712d45fb08eee22c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u91cbd4b47ea6fcd7712d45fb08eee22c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u91cbd4b47ea6fcd7712d45fb08eee22c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u91cbd4b47ea6fcd7712d45fb08eee22c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u91cbd4b47ea6fcd7712d45fb08eee22c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u91cbd4b47ea6fcd7712d45fb08eee22c .u91cbd4b47ea6fcd7712d45fb08eee22c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u91cbd4b47ea6fcd7712d45fb08eee22c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: FREUD AND PSYCHOANALYSIS EssayEven with Mother Teresa gone, her sisters at the Missionaries ofCharities are still caring for the poor and sick with the same love anddevotion as Mother Teresa did. Any donation will help them to reachmore and more of the less fortunate. Now that your familiar with one of the most important human beings toever live maybe we can use some of the ideas, thoughts, and behaviorand put it in our daily lives and make this world to be what MotherBibliography:

EVALUATING HR SYSTEMS an Example of the Topic Career by

EVALUATING HR SYSTEMS In their article entitled What is HR Good For, Anyway? published in the July/August 2003 issue of Across the Board, Edward Lawler and Mike OMalley argued that human resources is unique among other departments or divisions of the organization because of its ability to provide expert opinion on human behavior. Moreover, Lawler and OMalley identified the role of human resources as one that tactfully challenge and refocus baseless conceptualizations of behavior, regardless of the status of the speaker and the seeming conviction behind his words. Need essay sample on "EVALUATING HR SYSTEMS" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed This specific function of human resources is what makes it distinct and important part of the business. Despite the common misconceptions about the function of human resources, I personally agree with OMalley and Lawler's claim. Hawthorne Studies, the study that started all the other studies in human resources, found out that contrary to popular belief, employees are not motivated solely by money. Instead, employee performance is directly linked to their behavior and attitude (Dickson, 1973). Moreover, Lindner (1998) claims that effective managers need to understand what motivates employees within the context of the roles they perform. Therefore, in order to maximize the capability of the employees, it is important to employ human resources practitioners, usually those that have strong background in psychology and have the capability to carefully assess employee behavior and the organizational factors that affects the behavior. Although organizational decision makers tend to ignore the true value of having professional experts on human behavior as OMalley and Lawler discussed, human resource management is a compelling function that should not be left behind to those who are not able to appreciate and understand the unique personalities and behavior or every employee. However, because of the less appreciation of the true value of the human resources division among organizations, even some HR practitioners themselves, in their desire to be included among the top executives of the organizations, has altered their own perception of their function. Instead of focusing on their specialty, which is assessing human behavior, and asserting their contributions in the success of the organization in which they are affiliated, they resorted to quantifying what they do, instead of qualifying the importance of carefully assessing the quality of how they should handle the human resources of the organizations, that is the employees of the organization. HR's functionality and effectiveness, in its truest sense cannot be measured through quantitative metrics. Human resource is dealing with unique personalities and unique behavior which makes this function hard to quantify. Creating a standardized metrics based on generally agreed characteristics and policies will yield to limited results and biased opinion (Lawler and OMalley, 2003). It will only measure some superficial aspects of human resources and not the very core of the human resources feature of which the measurement is specifically in the first place. Such metrics will not do justice to the exceptional role that HR has in the organization. Instead, HR practitioners evaluate itself by looking into its effectiveness in assessing human behavior and how well does it respond to this behavior. HR should focus into the human factor of the organization and establishing the proper motivational factors that would prompt the employees to perform well. Besides, human resources should act as a catalyst between the goals of the company and the individual goals of the employees. As much as it contributes to the company's success, it is also human resources' role to determine the personal goals of the employees and help them achieve these goals. With the intangible value and contribution of human resources in the over all productivity of the organization, an effective human resources should not limit itself with the measurable metrics which is not its main concern. Human resource practitioner should be more focused on their role as a strategic partner of the organization, one that contributes directly to employee productivity through providing powerful basis on how to properly manage people by conducting careful examination of the individuality and uniqueness of the employees. References: Dickson, W. J. (1973). Hawthorne experiments. In C. Heyel (ed.). The encyclopedia of management, 2nd ed. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. Lawler, Edward & OMalley, Mike (2003). What is HR Good For, Anyway?. Across the Board, Jul/Aug2003, Vol. 40. USA: The Conference Board, Inc. Lindner, James R. (1998). Understanding employee motivation. Journal of Extension Vol. 36. Piketon, Ohio: The Ohio State University. Vroom, V. H. (1964). Work and motivation. New York: Wiley. Hofmeister, J. (2005). Global and Local Balance in Human Resources Leadership. The Future of Human Resource Management. Virginia: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. LOsey, M., Meisinger, S., & Ulrich D. (2005) The Future of Human Resource Management: 64 Thought Leaders Explore the Critical HR Issues of Today and Tomorrow. USA: Society for Human Resource Management.

Proofread Essay

Proofread Essay Proofread Essay Proofread Essay: Essay which is Doomed to Success Only such essay is worth of the highest grade which content is interesting and informative one and which is free of different kinds of mistakes. Well, to write an essay is as important as to proofread it, that is why do not neglect the proofreading of the essay, obviously do it if you do not want to spoil the result. Proofread essay is any essay, which is domed to success with your professor. You can get a proofread essay with the help of different ways. First, you can reread your essay by yourself and edit it. However, they say that this very way is not a very effective one, as when the person proofreads his or her own essay, he or she is not able to see all the mistakes your essay contains and correct them. At this point, it is essential to ask someone to proofread your essay. You can appeal to your parents, relatives, friends, etc, to get your proofread essays. Of course, if the person sees an essay for the first time with, so to say, a fresh eye, he or she will be able to correct the majority of mistakes that is for sure. That is why better ask someone for help before you essay presenting. There exists one more way of how to get a proofread essay which is considered to be the best and most effective one. This way is called custom essay writing service. You see, within the servicing of our custom essay site, you may turn to such a service, which goes under the title of proofreading. If you make use of such an option, kindly offered by our site, your proofread essay will be worth of the highest grade, as it is going to be free of any kinds of mistakes. Our custom essay writing service will not only present you a proofread essay, but also will check your essay in terms of correspondence to the existing requirements from it. If it happens that some of the parts of your essay are not going to meet all the requirement from it or just will not be either cohesive or smooth, our custom essay writing service w ill correct these mistakes as well. After you have proofread essay with the help of our site, your professor will fail to find even a single mistake in it. We do not leave any chances to your professor to spoil your grade for your work, as proofread essay is always the essay, which gets A+ grade.

Performance and reward management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Performance and reward management - Assignment Example The challenge to any organisation is to formulate a fair reward system that can motivate employees to work with enthusiasm. In the present context, implementation of proper incentive system along with well defined performance appraisal system is primarily convened by HR personnel. Reward management is important in order to achieve organisational strategies, to build up the psychological bond with employees and to act in accordance with legislation. Reward management is related with performance appraisal of an organisation as it motivates employees to perform better day-by-day. Performance appraisal is the other tool to measure performance of employees which increases motivation level and determines the training needs among others. By implementing reward system in an organisation and recruiting the best talents of the industry and by retaining the top performers’, competitive advantage can be maintained. ... Employees are the backbone of any organisation and an organisation has to pay a substantial amount to the employees for rendering services. While facing cost pressures, organisations are bound to implement major cost saving measures by cutting the jobs of the employees. Consequently, it affects on the service quality of organisations. Organisations may face unforeseen circumstances. Organisations have to implement strategies incredibly decisively so that it does not hamper the operations. Otherwise, it may be detrimental for the organisation for long-term period. The influence of downsizing can not be kept away totally but it can be reduced. By reducing the cost, managers facilitate the organisation to generate profitability. Downsizing of employees affects a company in social as well as economic perspective. As after downsizing employees face tremendous challenge to survive. A company must consider the available alternatives and calculate the feasibility with applicability of cost-r eduction options before deciding on layoffs (Gandolfi, 2008). Cost reduction stages are framed by the assumption of certain periods of time to make cost adjustments which affect the HR practices. Short Range Cost Adjustments: The primary stage of the ‘cost-reduction framework’ signifies ‘short-range cost adjustments’ in order to arrest a short-term decline in business operations. The business slowdown is anticipated to be a period for six months. Companies face such type of challenges by virtue of sudden decline of sales (Gandolfi, 2008). Framework of Cost-Reduction Stages Source: (Gandolfi, 2008). The preliminary cost-reduction techniques must allow an organisation to focus on its activities in a cost-sensitive approach for an immediate improvement. The top management has to

The New Yorker Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The New Yorker - Research Paper Example These have led to so many magazines struggling of holding on to readers, a hurdle that The New Yorker magazine appear to easily overcome as its readers have been increasing since its launch in 1925, surpassing 1 million circulations in 2004 (The New Yorker, n.p.). This paper explores how The New Yorker overcomes competition from other sources of information and entertainment through its design and structure. I believe that there are boundaries and rules in designing a magazine that have to be adhered to give the magazine an appealing look and content rich in sought-after information as well as an entertainment touch. Such principles relate to the length and excitement of the articles, expertise of the author of the articles, inclusion of extra useful information among others. The length and excitement of the articles influence the readers’ motivation and urge read another publication. The authors’ expertise wins the readers’ trust while inclusion of extra useful information such as advertisements attract readers as they believe they will obtain extra of products/services around them at no extra cost. I will explore the structures of four issues of the New Yorker magazine (March 3, March 10, March 17 and March 24) which include culture and politics, poetry and fiction, humor and cartoons and criticism and reviews sections to establish whether it adheres to the magazi ne design principles of attracting

Men in Nursing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Men in Nursing - Research Paper Example The creation of special research departments in a growing number of education institutions, hospital and organization are also helpful to future nurses. Greater emphasis is put on research in the undergraduate programs. There is also a surging demand for Acute Care Nurse Practitioners, who provide care in various critical situations, where the patients have advanced, acute or chronic problems. Multilevel system of training of nursing staff enhances the quality of health services and reduces the economic costs of medical personnel training. Nowadays more and more men inter the profession of nursing. It is important to increase the level of professional responsibility of nurse business professionals and expand the range of nursing services. Key words: nursing trends, nursing issues, medical personnel. MEN IN NURSING Even the most proud and self-sufficient people become vulnerable, when they are sick. The patient wants to be treated not only by means of tablets, droppers and injections, he or she also need to have some moral support. After all, it is true that those people recover faster, who really believe in healing. By choosing profession, a nurse chooses a difficult path of providing help and support, caring as the mother of the patient. A nurse is a very common and essential profession; it assumes the presence of certain moral and psychological qualities of a person, who chooses this responsible profession, and the necessary training. Faithful followers of F. Nightingale ideas actively promoted the introduction of nursing education in colleges and universities of western countries. Despite the fact that the first university courses of the similar direction appeared in the U.S. in the late XIX century, the significant increase in their numbers occurred only after the Second World War, because the war clearly showed the significance of skilled nursing care (Snodgrass, 2004). In recent decades, the approach to the profession of nursing has changed worldwide. In the early 1990's, many European countries introduced higher nursing education. World Health Organization (WHO) and International Council of Nurses have contributed to the development of nursing as a science in Europe. Even the Reports Series â„â€" 347of WHO put the stress on the fact that nurses should be less dependent in their actions, should have a higher qualification training, in addition, they need to develop professional thinking that would allow them to make their own decisions based on scientific knowledge. At the present time the range of medical services is constantly expanding; there are medical institutions of various forms of ownership, day care, developing palliative medicine. The latter includes hospices, which provide medical assistance and care to patients with severe incurable disease and to dying patients, as well (D'Antonio, 2010). To assist such patients the nurses should possess analytical thinking, the ability to develop and implement a plan of medical sur vey, MEN IN NURSING nursing care, or necessary medical procedures in accordance with the technologies for their implementation, besides they should be able to justify their actions scientifically. The creation of special research departments in a growing number of education institutions, hospital and organization are also helpful to future nurses. Greater emphasis is put on research in the undergraduate programs (Stokowski, 2009, p.354). â€Å"There is also a surging demand for Acute Care Nurse Practitioners, who

Comparison of South Africa and the UK

Comparison of South Africa and the UK Introduction: Background of South Africa: Religions: Christians: 79.8%, Pentecostal: 8.2%, Roman Catholic: 7.1%, Methodist: 6.8%, NGK: 6.7%, Zion Christian: 11.1%, Anglican: 3.8%, Unaffiliated: 15.1%, Muslims: 1.5%, Hindu: 1.2%, African: 3.8% Culture: Westernized culture. Traditional culture has decreased; this means South Africa has similar lifestyles to those in Western Europe, North America and Australasia. Languages: Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swazi, Tswana, Tsonga, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu Customs: these are free imports allowed into the country: 200 Cigarettes 20 Cigars 50 ml perfume 250grams tobacco 1 liter of spirits (strong wine) 2 liters of wine Goods for personal use 250ml of Eau De Toilette Expensive items such as laptops may require a fee, which will be returned to you on arrival. These goods are not allowed: Local currency over 10 000 rand, endangered species of plants, animals Political Structure: Republic of South Africa (RSA) is a constitutional democracy. It consists of three structures of government: national, provincial and local governments. Judicial Structure: The body of judges and magistrates who sit in the Courts of South Africa. Background of Great Britain: Religions: Christianity is the major religion in the UK. Followed by Islam, Hinduism, Sikhism, Judaism and Buddhism. The UK is described as a multi-faith society. Culture: The cultures are combined. It consists of the 4 main countries the UK is made up of: England, Scotland, Ireland, and Wales. Each has its distinct cultures. Also mainly known as the British culture. Languages: They do not have a constitutionally defined official language. English is the main language, spoken by 70% of the population. Other 30% include Welsh, Irish, Cornish and British sign language. Customs: The British are well known for: Good and well-mannered etiquettes. Meeting and greeting. Gift giving. Dining etiquette. Political Structure: Great Britain is a constitutional monarchy. Judicial Structure: The judicial system in the United Kingdom are separate judiciaries of the 3 legal systems in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. They are a body of judges that sit in the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom. Body: Economic systems of Great Britain: About 25% of Britain’s is arable, and almost half is suitable for meadows and pastures. Its agriculture that is highly mechanized and extremely productive, about 2% of the labor force produces 60% of the country’s food needs. Great Britain is one of the world’s leading industrialized nations. It has achieved this position despite the lack of most raw materials needed for industry. It must also import 40% of its food suppliers. Thus, its prosperity has been dependent upon the export of manufactured goods in exchange for raw materials and food stuffs. During the 1970s and 80s, nearly 3.5 million manufacturing jobs were created in service-related industries. The main industrial and commercial areas are the great conurbations, where about one third of the country’s population lives. The administrative and financial center and most important port is Greater London, which also has various manufacturing industries. Liverpool, Britain’s second port, along with south port and Saint Helen are part of the Merseyside conurbation. Great Britain has abundant suppliers of coal, oil and natural gas. Production of oil from offshore wells in the North Sea began in 1975, and the county is self-sufficient in petroleum. Great Britain’s trade focus has shifted from the United States to the European Union, which now accounts for over 50% of its trade. Great Britain is the fourth most populous country in Europe. Those of English descent constitute about 77% of the nation’s inhabits. The Great Britain’s population has shown increasing ethnic diversity since the 1970s, when people from the West Indies, India, Pakistan, Africa and China began immigrating, in the early 21century. English is the universal language of Great Britain. Sovereignty rests in parliament, which consists of the House of Commons, the House of Lords, and the crown. Effective power resides in the commons, whose 650 members are elected from single-member constituencies. The two main parties are the conservative party, descended from the old Tory party, and the labor party, which was organized in 1906 and moderately Social Democratic, is a weaker third party. Both Scotland and Wales have nationalist parties whose goal is the independence of those respective regions. Economic Systems of South Africa: South Africa’s Department of Trade and industry has launched the R71-million Itukise Unemployed graduates Programme, which will help unemployed graduates get work experience by negotiating placements at companies for them. Itukise provided work experience to unemployed graduates for 12 months. The department will also seek to place interns at companies interested in the programme. The programme also presented an opportunity to develop and market the profile of the manufacturing sector to young people, in provision of decent work and in increasing opportunities for people learning both on and off the job. The most likely scenario for South Africa’s economic and political trajectory until 2030 is to â€Å"chronic underachiever†. The 3.8% growth rate is close to the 3.2% average and had achieved since 1994. But according to the SA futures 2030, ANC will slip under 50% by the 2040 election. The Madiba Magic path could be reached in one of two ways: The ANC does well in the coming election and embarrass on internal reforms. A second route would be if the ANC were to do poorly in the coming election, the Democratic Alliance and multiparty democracy were to emerge strongly and the ANC were compelled to make reform to the public service and state in â€Å"a race to the top† against the DA in improving social delivery. Political instability dominates as both tripartite alliance and the ANC engage in a bitter and violent competition. The Independent Electoral Commission (IEC) was hoping to get the majority of the countries nearly two million 18 and 19 year-olds registered, but ended up in that order with fewer than 700 000. The most interesting coalitions will emerge after the elections, when the ANC, DA and EFF will take the lead. Political Stability: As an emerging economy South Africa has not remained completely unaffected by the turmoil in other emerging economies world-wide, especially in Asia and lately also in Russia. This negatively affected investors’ confidence in these countries. Political change is an empty phase if it is not accompanied by changes in the socio-economic sphere, leading to meaningful changes in the quality of life of the ordinary citizen. Geographical Structure Geographical Location of South Africa: You may find South Africa at the south part of the African continent. It stretches across from north to south, for at least 1600 km. It has latitude between 22 and 35 degrees. And it also stretches from east to west for 1600 km, between 17 and 33 degrees longitude. Geographical Location of Great Britain: Great Britain is located off the north western coast of Europe. The total area of the United Kingdom is approximately 245,000 square kilometers. It is the ninth largest island in the world, and the largest in Europe. The term Great Britain is used to refer to England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland because it’s on the largest island in Europe. This list contains the area sizes of the countries: Demographics of South Africa: The demographics of South Africa encompasses around at least 52 million individuals of diverse origins, language, cultures, and religions. In 2010 were the last census been held and the next census will be taken anywhere from 2016 Unemployment: South Africa`s unemployment rate has decreased to 24.10 percent within the fourth quarter of 2013 from 24.50 percent of 2013 within the third quarter. The statistics of South Africa reports the unemployment rate of South Africa. Mortality: In South Africa statistical release has presented information on mortality and causes of death, this were all based on death notification forms that were received from the Department of home affairs for death that has been occurred in 2009. The outline release trends in mortality from 1997 to 2009, differentials in mortality are selected by demographics, social and geographic characteristics for death occurred in 2009. Fertility: There has been a widespread agreement in general that fertility has begun to decline amongst all major population in South Apartheid prior to the end of apartheid. It has occurred at a much faster level for whites and Asians as they are compared to mixed race and Africans. This has occurred amidst the impoverishment of millions. Life Expectancy: One in every 10 South Africans is HI-positive despite that, SA has increased in life expectancy, according to statistics South Africa. The population total of SA IS 52.98 million then it was counted in the census of 2011. By a year the life expectancy of South Africa has increased by 59.6 (57.7 for males and 61.4 years for females. Free State is the province with the lowest life expectancy. Major deaths: Violence and accidental injuries, HIV, intestinal infectious disease. Demographics of Great Britain: In every 10 years a census is taken simultaneously in all parts of the UK. Data for England and wales is collected by the national statistics and they are responsible for it. The total population of the United Kingdom was 63.181.778 in the 2011 census. Population : By 7.0 percent since 1971 has the UK `s population increased, from 55.9 million in more recent years growth has been faster of a greater result number of births rather than deaths from the late 1990`s with an increasing factor of migration. Unemployment: There has been measured by the office for national statistics within months that unemployment stood at 7.1 percent, or 2.32 million people out of work. Mortality rate: In the United Kingdom are alcohol-related deaths a number of areas that were combined and were chosen to cover range of economic and social housing issues. Fertility: The total fertility rate is 1.9 children born/ women. A global fertility rate always in general declined and is the most pronounced industrialization country. Life expectancy: Compared to a one person in the early 1980`s a man born now can expect more than seven extra years of life ahead. Calculations have showed that girls that were born between 2010 and 2012 could expect to live 82.8 years and 79.0 years can boys live. Major death causes: Disease of the circulatory system. Cancer, respiratory diseases. Economy of Great Britain: The social structure of the United Kingdom has historically been highly influenced by the concept of social class, with the concept still affecting British society in the early-21st century. Although definitions of social class in the United Kingdom differ and are highly controversial, most are influenced by factors of wealth, occupation and education. (2) The United Kingdom has the 6th-largest national economy in the world and is the third largest in Europe measured by nominal GDP and its purchasing power parity. The United Kingdom’s GDP per capita is the 22nd-highest in the world in nominal terms. The UK government’s welfare cuts and changes to taxation have encouraged economic inequality so intensely that they amount to ‘speeded-up Thatcherism.’ The divide between rich and poor is widening faster than in the 1980s, according to a new report. The slicing of UK welfare benefits and simultaneous cuts in tax credits means that inequality will have soared twice as fast by 2015. Living standards were 21pc higher in the UK compared with the average in the EU, the statistics office Eurostat said. â€Å"In Luxembourg standards were 50pc higher.† Individual consumption was used as the measure, often cited because it includes all goods and services that a household consumes, regardless of whether they pay for them. Britains rating is boosted by public services such as health and education, which are largely government funded. A welfare state is a concept of government in which the state plays a key role in the protection and promotion of the economic and social well-being of its citizens. It is based on the principles of equality of opportunity, equitable distribution of wealth, and public responsibility for those unable to avail themselves of the minimal provisions for a good life. The welfare state involves a transfer of funds from the state, to the services provided e.g. healthcare, education as well as directly to individuals. It is funded through redistributionist taxation and is often referred to as a type of mixed economy. Such taxation usually includes a larger income tax for people with higher incomes, called a progressive tax. This helps to reduce the income gap between the rich and poor and can establish some sort of equality between both rich and poor. Economy of South Africa: In South Africa with its high levels of racial inequality, inequality in income distribution is especially large and persistent. For an upper-middle income country in terms of GDP per capita and economic structure, there are still many people living in poverty. In its 2012-13 Global Competitiveness report, the World Economic Forum ranked South Africa second in the world for the accountability of its private institutions, and third for its financial market development, â€Å"indicating high confidence in South Africa’s financial markets at a time when trust is returning only slowly in many other parts of the world†. The countrys securities exchange, the JSE, is ranked among the top 20 in the world in terms of size. Thus indicates the extent at which South Africa has grown since 1994 up until now. Since the demise of apartheid in 1994, South Africas economic and social status has undergone marked changes. GDP annual growth has averaged about 3.5%, with the years 2004-2007 maintaining a 5% increase annually. Per capita PPP increased from $5700 in 1994 to $9560 in 2007. Measles immunization for children aged 12-23 months grew from 76% to 85%. And finally, the percent of South Africans aged 7-24 who had completed primary school skyrocketed from 77% in 1992 to a reported 100% completion rate in 2004, the last year for which this statistic is available The fact that more people receive social grants from the state than have jobs has created a flurry of alarm that SAs welfare spending is unsustainable, given the fear that unemployment could remain persistently high in a low-growth environment. There are many people who not over the age of 18 and therefore are not liable to be taxpayers as of yet and that impacts negatively on the welfare of South Africa. Imports and exports in South Africa have increased since the end of apartheid. South Africa is the second largest producer of gold, and is well known as the largest producer of chrome, platinum, manganese, vanadium, and vermiculite. South Africa is the world’s third largest coal exporter. Mining is only counted for 3% of the GDP. South Africa is well known for their large agricultural sector and is a net exporter of farming products. Top five markets of South Africa are: United States Germany Japan Zimbabwe China Imports and exports in Great Britain is the world’s fifth largest trading nation. Machinery and transport, manufactured goods, chemicals, and steel are Britain’s largest export earners. Britain’s pharmaceuticals industry is the world’s third largest exporter of medicines. Conclusion: We conclude that Great Britain is one of the most established countries and is much more developed, whereas South Africa is still developing, and slowly emerging in specific areas. Great Britain’s social structure is influenced by class, and South Africa’s is based on racial inequality, and income. Britain’s class is influenced by how wealthy the citizens are. South Africa was ranked second in the world for the accountability of its private institutions, and third for its financial market development, but many of these South Africans are still living in poverty. Word Count: 2585 Bibliography: References: http://www.studentpulse.com/articles/109/a-high-standard-of-living-brought-low-by-aids-in-south-africa http://www.southafrica.info/business/economy/econoverview.htm#.UyqX-NxaYpE#ixzz2wUAyoq53 Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_Kingdom http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_South_Africa http://geography.about.com/od/unitedkingdommaps/a/Great-Britain-Facts.htm Jill Pasqualle: Introduction : Backgrounds on the two countries Geographical Structure Imports and exports in each country, foreign relations, and trading partners. Ra-ees Peffer: Economy Deidre Lee Anne Plaatjies: Demographics and social structure Nomathamsanqa Pienaar: Economic systems

Essay on the Use of Third Person and Innocence of Language in Ake

Use of Third Person and Innocence of Language in Aké The Nigerian novelist Wole Soyinka's memoir, Aké, is a story told through the eyes of a child. Many incidents and the dialogues within these incidents are written in a tone which is suggestive of the innocence and actions which would only be performed by someone in a child-like state of mind. Soyinka's masterful use of this tone, and the primary use of first person in story telling combine to form a realistic childhood picture. In the third chapter we find young Wole describing a sort of parade which is passing before the walls of his home compound. This point in time seems to be when Wole first discovers the world beyond his front door. This realization can be likened to the destruction of the geocentric theory in which man comes to the realization that he is not the center of the universe. We see this realization in this quote from page 37: "It became clear then that we in the parsonage were living in a separate town by ourselves, and that Aké was the rest of what I could see." Another example of childlike thinking can be found in the description of a tuba. In the parade there is a man walking with a tuba. Wole makes the association of the bell of the tuba and the bell part of a gramophone. Young Wole says, "Tinu and I had long rejected the story that the music which came from the gramophone was made by a special singing dog locked in the machine. We never saw it fed, so it would have long starved to death. I had not yet found the means of opening up the machine, so the mystery remained" (41). Here we find child-like reasoning at its finest. At the end of Wole's story of his exploration of the world outside of his familial com... ...wo places," (187-188) Wole, along with his comrades, expresses this belief in bad magic. Another example of child-like rationality can be seen in the quick belief in a conspiracy theory seen in this line from page 188: "...they had come to 'spoil the ground' for others!" Child-like actions are found in the notions of justice, also found on page 188, when the children become judge, jury, and executioner of their peers with the line "Someone proposed that we search their luggage...and was vociferously cheered." The writing of a memoir through the eyes of a child can produce a highly entertaining work, as proved by Wole Soyinka. Through the use of third person and the masterful use of the innocence and language of childhood, Soyinka has written a memoir that can make us remember what is was like to see the world through the eyes of a child. Essay on the Use of Third Person and Innocence of Language in Ake Use of Third Person and Innocence of Language in Aké The Nigerian novelist Wole Soyinka's memoir, Aké, is a story told through the eyes of a child. Many incidents and the dialogues within these incidents are written in a tone which is suggestive of the innocence and actions which would only be performed by someone in a child-like state of mind. Soyinka's masterful use of this tone, and the primary use of first person in story telling combine to form a realistic childhood picture. In the third chapter we find young Wole describing a sort of parade which is passing before the walls of his home compound. This point in time seems to be when Wole first discovers the world beyond his front door. This realization can be likened to the destruction of the geocentric theory in which man comes to the realization that he is not the center of the universe. We see this realization in this quote from page 37: "It became clear then that we in the parsonage were living in a separate town by ourselves, and that Aké was the rest of what I could see." Another example of childlike thinking can be found in the description of a tuba. In the parade there is a man walking with a tuba. Wole makes the association of the bell of the tuba and the bell part of a gramophone. Young Wole says, "Tinu and I had long rejected the story that the music which came from the gramophone was made by a special singing dog locked in the machine. We never saw it fed, so it would have long starved to death. I had not yet found the means of opening up the machine, so the mystery remained" (41). Here we find child-like reasoning at its finest. At the end of Wole's story of his exploration of the world outside of his familial com... ...wo places," (187-188) Wole, along with his comrades, expresses this belief in bad magic. Another example of child-like rationality can be seen in the quick belief in a conspiracy theory seen in this line from page 188: "...they had come to 'spoil the ground' for others!" Child-like actions are found in the notions of justice, also found on page 188, when the children become judge, jury, and executioner of their peers with the line "Someone proposed that we search their luggage...and was vociferously cheered." The writing of a memoir through the eyes of a child can produce a highly entertaining work, as proved by Wole Soyinka. Through the use of third person and the masterful use of the innocence and language of childhood, Soyinka has written a memoir that can make us remember what is was like to see the world through the eyes of a child.

Clinical Decision Making Skills for the Integrated Worker Essay

This assignment will define and analyse the need for a chosen service improvement within the pathway of mental health, as well as evaluating the suggested service. Demonstrating how this service can inform and benefit integrated practice, discussing the ways in which the agency’s statutory obligations and responsibilities impact on both individual and group decision making. The chosen service improvement for this assignment is the introduction of a mental health nurse into primary care services, for example, a GP Surgery. Focusing on service users with mental health issues in the community and therefore in the care of the local Primary Care Trust (PCT). There is an obvious need for movement towards better health and social care for individuals with mental health illnesses in primary care. No Health without Mental Health: A Guide for General Practice (Department of Health, DoH, 2012, online), sets out what General Practitioners (GPs) can do to improve mental health and enhance care and support offered to those with mental health conditions in the community. This document also states that one in four GP consultations account for mental health problems (DoH, 2012, pg8, online). Treatments for those with mental health issues cost the NHS in the United Kingdom approximately  £105 Billion per year (DoH, 2012, pg8, online). Primary care plays a pivotal role in caring for those with mental health illnesses in the community and in most cases this falls into the responsibility of the local GP surgeries. Therefore GPs are ideally placed to identify signs of distress and those with risk factors for poor mental health (NHS Confederation, 2011, online). Primary care providers, more specifically GPs are usually the first point of call for an individual experiencing some form of psychological distress (DoH, 2012, pg13, online). It is essential there is early recognition and referral to any specialist mental health services required, saving time, money and individual distress in the long-run. An area which remains problematic is the treatment of physical health care needs for those with mental health illnesses. Research continues to  highlight that the physical health of those with mental illnesses is frequently poor and people with long-term physical conditions experience higher levels of mental health issues (Nash, 2010, pg2). It is ironic that a great deal of the research carried out is with individuals that are currently in contact with either health or social care services (Nash, 2010, pg2). This issue could be tackled within primary care services, as GPs especially can treat the whole person linking rather than separating physical and mental health (Knapp, 2011, pg3, online). Professionals within the primary care sector could experience problems when trying to identify their role in relation to meeting the health needs of those with mental health issues, as well as offering interventions and support to those identified as high risk of developing mental health problems, such as, individuals with long-tem physical conditions (Nash, 2012, pg 10). Yamey (1999) found that a number of patients had actually been removed from GP registers at some point prior to accessing secondary mental health services. This causes suspicion that some mental health illnesses could be construed as a reason for being excluded from GP surgeries (Yamey, 1999). MIND (1996) carried out a survey which also showed that a large majority of individuals felt they had been treated unfairly by their GP due to their mental illness. This could be a consequence of lack of understanding and minimal training in the area of mental health in the primary care sector. Although this research is dated, it is relevant as Government white papers and initiatives currently being introduced are still recommending that more specialised training in mental health is required for professionals throughout the primary care sector. Each of the initiatives aim toward improved integrated working and lower hospital admissions due to deteriorating mental health by providing early access to services and early recognition of mental health issues in primary care. This highlights the importance of the chosen service improvement, not only for individuals with mental health issues but for those at risk of developing mental illness and the NHS as a whole. These recommendations are present in No Health without Mental Health: A Guide for General Practice (DoH, 2012, online), The NHS Outcomes Framework 2012/13 (DoH, 2011, online), and numerous others. It remains clear that professionals within the primary care sector are not  receiving adequate training in mental health care. They do not have sufficient knowledge of mental health and many do not possess the general skills required day to day when working with mental health service users (DoH, 2012, pg5, online). This is supported by Good Medical Practice (2006),(General Medical Council, GMC) which sets out the principle guidance for GPs offers no mention of individuals with mental health issues, suggesting that this document is based solely on the general population and does not taking into account the differing needs of those with mental health issues. A programme that was introduced in Wales in 2011 provides Mental Health First Aid Training to a large group of service providers including primary care. It teaches them to provide initial help to someone experiencing mental health problems, deal with a crisis situation or the first signs of someone developing mental ill health and guide people towards appropriate help (MIND 2011, online). This shows some progress towards increasing knowledge and awareness of mental health illnesses in a wider range of healthcare providers. There is evidence to show that in GP practices without mental health professionals, brief training for primary care providers have substantial benefits for patients who are mentally ill (Ross et al, 2001). This supports the need for specialist training and the chosen service improvement, as a mental health nurse in a GP surgery would be specially trained to work with individuals with mental health illnesses and would have an awareness of the difficulties service users may face when accessing services. There are many aspects that could present a barrier to mental health service users when accessing services. Communication difficulties can cause problems for individuals with mental health issues as they may not feel able to make themselves understood by healthcare professionals. They may suffer anxiety or panic disorders making it more difficult to communicate effectively. One of the most problematic areas in mental health and for those suffering mental health illnesses is stigma (Nash, 2010, pg10). Discrimination is not just confined to the general population as research has shown that healthcare professionals can hold stereotypical views towards their clients (Nash, 2010, pg10). This could prevent individuals from seeking help and support for both physical and mental health problems. Some service users  with mental health issues may have previously experienced some form of discrimination and had a negative experience when accessing primary care services. For example, experiences involving reception staff with bad attitudes or individuals being made to believe the physical symptoms they are experiencing are part of their mental illness (Nash, 2012, pg12). This shows that individuals with mental health issues suffer from inequality and discrimination regarding their healthcare reinforcing the need for improved access to primary care services. Previous negative experiences can cause individuals to fear returning causing them to avoid seeking help for a physical condition. Furthermore, if a person believes the may be mentally ill, they may avoid accessing any kind of support as they fear being labelled and discriminated against due to the stigma attached to having a mental health illness. Employing a mental health nurse in a GP surgery can bring services closer to eliminating barriers between primary care services and mental health, improving the healthcare of those in the general community suffering from some sort of mental illness. The proposed service improvement supports the need for reducing health inequalities and barriers to those with mental health issues wishing to access services. Barriers to healthcare specifically Primary care services can include communication difficulties, lack of understanding from both service user and professional perspective and there may be inadequate support available to mental health service users when accessing their local GP surgeries. GPs may lack the interpersonal skills required to manage some symptoms of mental illnesses. Such as inappropriate sexualised behaviour that can be expressed during psychotic episode (Norman & Ryrie, 2009, pg711).The professional may feel uncomfortable and embarrassed when examining an individual and unaware of how best to deal with this situation. Symptoms of mental illnesses can themselves often prevent individuals with a barrier to accessing services. An individual suffering depression will most likely lack motivation and volition (Norman & Ryrie, 2009, pg429) making it extremely difficult for them to self-refer or even care about their mental and/or physical health. Further supporting the need for the chosen service improvement as families, carers and friends of such individuals could support them in attending their local GP surgery enabling them to access specialist help at an initial stage of their illness. It may be necessary for a mental health nurse in a GP  surgery to be advertised; as individuals cannot access services if they are unaware they exist. Booklets and leaflets could be made available to raise awareness of mental health issues and the support available to individuals, their friends and families’ informing the community that specialist help is available first hand within their local GP surgery. Another barrier that is present in the provision of care by primary services and GP surgeries is the use of the medical model. The health professionals within a GP surgery adopt a medical approach when treating their patients. This aims to treat the medical illness and reduce the total number or patients attending the surgery. Although this is necessary within a GP surgery setting there remains a need to consider social factors when adopting the medical approach (Barbour, 1995, pg2). There are limitations when using the medical model, however as it can prevent healthcare professionals from treating patients individually in a person centred manner, treating only the obvious medical condition (Barbour, 1995, pg10). This could have a serious detrimental effect on an individual’s health and well-being, resulting in increased appointments with their GP causing more distress and prolonging their suffering. This in turn increases the likelihood of an individual requiring crisis intervention and ultimately costs the NHS more in the long-run (Norman & Ryrie, 2009, pg172). The Royal College of General Practitioners (RCPG) ‘Roadmap’ (2007) document supports the need for adopting a model in which health and social care needs are considered in general practice (RCPG, 2007, pg1). There has been confusion around which professionals role it is to provide physical health care to the mental health population for many years (Phelan et al, 2001). Government policy recognises the importance in considering physical health care needs of those with mental health illnesses in both primary and secondary care settings (Newell & Gournay, 2009, pg 322). General practice has transformed significantly over the past decade and current government policy is aiming to improve access to and the choice of services available to patients, expanding the role of a GP and improve quality of care overall (Gregory, 2009, Pg3, online). Government policy is implemented in the structure of clinical governance and is important in  highlighting improvements that are required in a wide range of services within the NHS including mental health and primary care (NHS Direct, 2011, pg12, online). Clinical governance is described as ‘a system in which NHS organisations are accountable for continuously improving the quality of their services’ (Scally & Donaldson, 1998, online). It is a framework that ensures professionals continuously develop and improve the quality of the services they provide. Clinical governance involves the research and development, risk management, promotion of openness, education and training for staff, clinical effectiven ess and clinical auditing of services within the NHS. It is extremely important that high quality care is provided in healthcare and clinical governance ensures professionals are individually accountable for the quality of care they provide (South Tees NHS Trust, 2013, online). Buetow and Roland (1999, pg184, online) suggest ‘there is a barrier between managerial, organisational and clinical approaches to quality of care’ denoting that the aim of clinical governance is to bridge the apparent gap by allowing all professionals within an organisation involvement and ‘freedom from the control of managerialism’ (Buetow & Roland, 1999, pg189, online). Although this suggests the aim is to promote equality throughout organisations when it comes to quality of care. There remains a need for one individual or a small group of people to accept the role and responsibility and become the clinical governance lead or team (Buetow & Roland, 1999, pg189, online). In a primary care setting such as a GP surgery this would entail being responsible for a large number of professionals who may have had little reason to communicate with each other previously. This could cause conflict within an organisations culture if the quality of care professionals provide is questioned. The Department of Health (2008) stated ‘the current system of NHS primary care does not ensure a consistent level of safety and represents insufficient quality across the country’. Resulting in GPs becoming required to hold a licence which is reviewed and renewed every five years and to register with the Care Quality Commission (CQC) from 2011 (GMC, 2009, online). This ensures up to date practice, competence and assures the provision of quality care. Clinical governance enables services to show how targets have been met within their organisation and how they meet the needs of their patients, supporting the decisions made by professionals and teams within the organisation (Buetow &  Roland, 1999, pg187, online). All organisations have what is known as an organisational or agency culture. Agency culture is made up of numerous aspects including, values and beliefs, language and communication, policies and procedures and rituals and routines within an organisation. Each organisation has a varied culture with a different set of beliefs and norms. It could be a result of these norms that staff members may not be willing to embrace change or take time to attend extra training for specialist service user groups such as the mental health population. It may appear that the service gains results and targets are met therefore may not want to change anything. This places organisations at risk of neglecting areas for improvement. Changes within agency culture can become a challenging process especially when there is disruption to traditional working routines (NHS Direct, 2011, online). Staff within a GP surgery may have been led by one individual or a small group of the same GPs for a long period of time and may feel the services they provide are sufficient. Newly qualified members of staff joining the workforce may feel their opinions and ideas are underappreciated or not even considered because the routines and procedures are already in place. An unwillingness to accept change could have detrimental effects on the mental health service user population. This is reflected in recommendations by government policy. No Health without Mental Health (DoH, 2012, online), Making it Happen (DoH, 2001, online) and Call to Action (DoH, 2011, online) each suggest recommendations for primary care services to develop the services provided to those with mental health illnesses and stress the importance of mental health promotion within primary care. The culture within a GP surgery may appear to be more superior to other NHS services as most GP surgeries are independently contracted and are not direct employees of the NHS (Gregory, 2009, pg 8, online). This enables them to provide enhanced services such as extended opening hours and specific services fo r those with learning difficulties (Gregory, 2009, pg 8, online). The above are components of General Medical Services (GMS) whereas Personal Medical Services (PMS) enable GP surgeries to cater for the specific needs of the local population (Gregory, 2009, pg 5, online). This could include drug and alcohol services or mental health services if there were a large number of the local  community presenting to their GP surgery with these issues. The cultures within each of these types of GP surgeries could be different completely. In a PMS GPs could have received specialist training in the areas large numbers of patients require support, resulting in patients feeling more valued and respected as well as staff members. GP surgeries can be seen as ‘providing a gateway to specialist care’ (Gregory, 2009, pg8, online). This view could be difficult to change. However by offering a wider range of services and treatment options, the gap between primary and secondary services as well as both an individual’s health and social care needs ca n be filled (Gregory, 2009, pg8, online). This service improvement aims to improve the health and social care needs of individuals with mental health illnesses in the community. However, not only are there barriers in place that service users must overcome to access primary care services there remains a lack of collaborative working between health and social care services. This has consequences on the service user and other professionals involved in their care denying the individual of adequate holistic care. Professionals from different areas such as nursing and social work may be bound by differing statutory obligations which can affect their decision making and the care they provide. Starting with the professional body they are registered with as a professional such as the Royal College of Nursing (RCN) or the Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC), these give professionals a value base they must work from and develop continuously. Legislation also has a huge impact on a professional’s decision making, for example the Mental Health Act (MHA, 2007). The law determines what a professional can and cannot do in a crisis situation. If a mental health nurse was based in a GP surgery they will have specialist training and awareness of the limits of their role determined by the MHA (2007), such as a patient being sectioned. They will be aware of who to contact if a patient is causing danger to themselves or others and need more suitable mental health care. If the mental health nurse was an Approved Mental Health Practitioner they could even have a role in detaining patients especially if a GP within the surgery was specially trained under the MHA (2007). This would save a lot of time and distress to individuals in crisis, members of the public and staff members. There are other noticeable difference between health and social care and the  standards of care provided. Social work would traditionally take a service-led approach to care whereas nursing has become more person-centred and individualised (SCIE, 2010, online). By using a person-centred approach the specific health and social care needs of patients with mental health issues are addressed (Hall et al, 2010, pg178). The service user is the centre of focus and care and support is planned around their specific needs. This is essential when caring for an individual with mental health issues as each condition, symptom and experience is different. Enabling an individual to be fully involved in every aspect of their care and make fully informed decisions regarding their treatment and social options. Continuity of care and positive therapeutic relationships are essential when making an individual feel valued and at ease, allowing them to feel comfortable and more willing to engage with professionals. An individual with mental health issues may feel anxious about attending their GP surgery and may need motivation or encouragement to do so. Having a therapeutic relationship with a particular professional within that surgery could reduce a person’s anxiety levels (Kettles et al, 2002, pg64). The chosen service improvement would be useful for this purpose as a mental health nurse based within a GP surgery could build positive relationships with patients enabling them to develop trust and engage with services and professionals. The mental health nurse would also take into account both the health and social care needs of the patients, decreasing the GPs workload and saving the practice money in the long run. They would also ensure the needs of the individual are fully met as satisfactorily as possible within primary care services or id required could refer them to the most suitable services available to them for their condition and needs. Whether they be health or social care needs. However this service improvement would only be successful with the cooperation and collaboration from GPs within the surgery. Joint decision making would be required as well an equal partnership between GP and mental health nurse. The Personalisation Agenda (Social Care Institute for Excellence, 2010, online) (SCIE) emphasises the need for integrated working, and the need for involvement from a wide range of services, such as; health, social care, housing, transportation and leisure, to ensure service users receive a  holistic, consistent and continuous care package (SCIE, 2010, online). The service user is put first rather than the service. This creates a person-centred rather than a service-led approach. A priority of the Health and Social Care Bill (2011) is improving integration within services. The Bill strives to provide better partnership, integration and collaboration across the government and all NHS services (DoH, 2011, pg1, online). There is evidence to suggest that integrating health and social care services saves a substantial amount of money (DoH, 2011, pg2, online). However in the current government climate there are financial pressures which may cause a barrier to effective integrated working (DoH, 2011, pg1, online). All aspects of the patient journey could benefit from effective integrated working resulting in a positive experience and all needs being met. The suggested service improvement of a mental health nurse in a GP surgery supports integration as there would be a variety of professionals within one building making multi-disciplinary team meeting easier to arrange and joint decisions could be made quickly. However there are barriers to integrated working including the breakdown of communication between staff and different organisations having a detrimental effect on patients (Trevithick, 2009, pg123). However by working in partnership there is a reduced need for specialist services ultimately cutting costs and having a positive effect on many other aspects of an organisation. Such as boosting staff moral and enhancing patient experience (Erstroff, 2010). If barriers to integrated working can be overcome more adequate care can be provided overall. A dual qualified practitioner in a GP surgery would be ideal allowing both health and social care needs to be addressed working in partnership with outside agencies and with patients to gain the best results, without the need for two professionals. It has been stated that services need to detect early signs of individual distress by working closely with primary care (Norman & Ryrie, 2009, pg172-173). By integrating the skills required in a mental health nurse and a social worker a more holistic approach can be taken. The introduction of community care impacted on various professions including general practitioners, social workers and nurses (Malin et al, 1999, pg158). Nurses have become increasingly empowered over time and have become more involved in commissioning alongside GPs. Within General practice more of a  purchase/provide relationship has been established (Malin et al, 1999, pg 159). GPs now have more power and control with funding and choice in the care they provide. However social workers may have felt deskilled by the purchase/provide divide (Malin et at, 1999, pg 159). The cultures of each professional’s organisation could cause conflict among a team. Employing a dual qualified social worker and mental health nurse in a GP surgery would eliminate the chance of conflict. It would become the responsibility of the dual qualified worker and the GP to work in partnership. There is evidence to support the need for the chosen service improvement. Mental health services are improvin g and developing continuously despite government cuts to funding, reflected in No decisions about us without us (DoH, 2012, pg6, online). The document states that primary care services, specifically GPs who play a part in supporting those with mental health issues are not making a difference to the mental health of their local communities. This creates an opportunity for the role of a mental health nurse to develop. The Care Services Improvement Partnership (CSIP, 2006) suggest that nurses are capable of delivering services within primary care settings as they have acquired the specialist knowledge to do so (Norman & Ryrie, 2009, pg 651). There is a need to modernise, develop and integrate services, primary care being a target area. The suggested service improvement would be cost effective and would provide early community intervention also lowering individual and family distress. Integrated working is an essential component in developing health and social care services (Trevithick, 2009, pg109). In conclusion there remains a need for improvements in the health care provided by primary care services to those with mental health issues. Statistics show that primary care services are the first point of contact for many individuals developing a physical or psychiatric condition (DoH, 2012, pg 6, online). The introduction of a mental health nurse into a GP surgery promotes integrated practice and modernises NHS services (DoH Factsheet, 2011, pg1, online), enhancing patient experience. There is evidence to show that this is an already effective role. Primary mental health workers have been introduced in Children and Adolescent Mental Health Teams (CAMHS) supporting colleagues in primary care services providing crisis intervention and contacts to specialist services (Norman & Ryrie,  2009, pg543). Primary care mental health Graduates have also been implemented in parts of London providing a range of interventions (Norman & Ryrie, 2009, pg 457). 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