EVALUATING HR SYSTEMS an Example of the Topic Career by

EVALUATING HR SYSTEMS In their article entitled What is HR Good For, Anyway? published in the July/August 2003 issue of Across the Board, Edward Lawler and Mike OMalley argued that human resources is unique among other departments or divisions of the organization because of its ability to provide expert opinion on human behavior. Moreover, Lawler and OMalley identified the role of human resources as one that tactfully challenge and refocus baseless conceptualizations of behavior, regardless of the status of the speaker and the seeming conviction behind his words. Need essay sample on "EVALUATING HR SYSTEMS" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed This specific function of human resources is what makes it distinct and important part of the business. Despite the common misconceptions about the function of human resources, I personally agree with OMalley and Lawler's claim. Hawthorne Studies, the study that started all the other studies in human resources, found out that contrary to popular belief, employees are not motivated solely by money. Instead, employee performance is directly linked to their behavior and attitude (Dickson, 1973). Moreover, Lindner (1998) claims that effective managers need to understand what motivates employees within the context of the roles they perform. Therefore, in order to maximize the capability of the employees, it is important to employ human resources practitioners, usually those that have strong background in psychology and have the capability to carefully assess employee behavior and the organizational factors that affects the behavior. Although organizational decision makers tend to ignore the true value of having professional experts on human behavior as OMalley and Lawler discussed, human resource management is a compelling function that should not be left behind to those who are not able to appreciate and understand the unique personalities and behavior or every employee. However, because of the less appreciation of the true value of the human resources division among organizations, even some HR practitioners themselves, in their desire to be included among the top executives of the organizations, has altered their own perception of their function. Instead of focusing on their specialty, which is assessing human behavior, and asserting their contributions in the success of the organization in which they are affiliated, they resorted to quantifying what they do, instead of qualifying the importance of carefully assessing the quality of how they should handle the human resources of the organizations, that is the employees of the organization. HR's functionality and effectiveness, in its truest sense cannot be measured through quantitative metrics. Human resource is dealing with unique personalities and unique behavior which makes this function hard to quantify. Creating a standardized metrics based on generally agreed characteristics and policies will yield to limited results and biased opinion (Lawler and OMalley, 2003). It will only measure some superficial aspects of human resources and not the very core of the human resources feature of which the measurement is specifically in the first place. Such metrics will not do justice to the exceptional role that HR has in the organization. Instead, HR practitioners evaluate itself by looking into its effectiveness in assessing human behavior and how well does it respond to this behavior. HR should focus into the human factor of the organization and establishing the proper motivational factors that would prompt the employees to perform well. Besides, human resources should act as a catalyst between the goals of the company and the individual goals of the employees. As much as it contributes to the company's success, it is also human resources' role to determine the personal goals of the employees and help them achieve these goals. With the intangible value and contribution of human resources in the over all productivity of the organization, an effective human resources should not limit itself with the measurable metrics which is not its main concern. Human resource practitioner should be more focused on their role as a strategic partner of the organization, one that contributes directly to employee productivity through providing powerful basis on how to properly manage people by conducting careful examination of the individuality and uniqueness of the employees. References: Dickson, W. J. (1973). Hawthorne experiments. In C. Heyel (ed.). The encyclopedia of management, 2nd ed. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. Lawler, Edward & OMalley, Mike (2003). What is HR Good For, Anyway?. Across the Board, Jul/Aug2003, Vol. 40. USA: The Conference Board, Inc. Lindner, James R. (1998). Understanding employee motivation. Journal of Extension Vol. 36. Piketon, Ohio: The Ohio State University. Vroom, V. H. (1964). Work and motivation. New York: Wiley. Hofmeister, J. (2005). Global and Local Balance in Human Resources Leadership. The Future of Human Resource Management. Virginia: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. LOsey, M., Meisinger, S., & Ulrich D. (2005) The Future of Human Resource Management: 64 Thought Leaders Explore the Critical HR Issues of Today and Tomorrow. USA: Society for Human Resource Management.

Proofread Essay

Proofread Essay Proofread Essay Proofread Essay: Essay which is Doomed to Success Only such essay is worth of the highest grade which content is interesting and informative one and which is free of different kinds of mistakes. Well, to write an essay is as important as to proofread it, that is why do not neglect the proofreading of the essay, obviously do it if you do not want to spoil the result. Proofread essay is any essay, which is domed to success with your professor. You can get a proofread essay with the help of different ways. First, you can reread your essay by yourself and edit it. However, they say that this very way is not a very effective one, as when the person proofreads his or her own essay, he or she is not able to see all the mistakes your essay contains and correct them. At this point, it is essential to ask someone to proofread your essay. You can appeal to your parents, relatives, friends, etc, to get your proofread essays. Of course, if the person sees an essay for the first time with, so to say, a fresh eye, he or she will be able to correct the majority of mistakes that is for sure. That is why better ask someone for help before you essay presenting. There exists one more way of how to get a proofread essay which is considered to be the best and most effective one. This way is called custom essay writing service. You see, within the servicing of our custom essay site, you may turn to such a service, which goes under the title of proofreading. If you make use of such an option, kindly offered by our site, your proofread essay will be worth of the highest grade, as it is going to be free of any kinds of mistakes. Our custom essay writing service will not only present you a proofread essay, but also will check your essay in terms of correspondence to the existing requirements from it. If it happens that some of the parts of your essay are not going to meet all the requirement from it or just will not be either cohesive or smooth, our custom essay writing service w ill correct these mistakes as well. After you have proofread essay with the help of our site, your professor will fail to find even a single mistake in it. We do not leave any chances to your professor to spoil your grade for your work, as proofread essay is always the essay, which gets A+ grade.

Performance and reward management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Performance and reward management - Assignment Example The challenge to any organisation is to formulate a fair reward system that can motivate employees to work with enthusiasm. In the present context, implementation of proper incentive system along with well defined performance appraisal system is primarily convened by HR personnel. Reward management is important in order to achieve organisational strategies, to build up the psychological bond with employees and to act in accordance with legislation. Reward management is related with performance appraisal of an organisation as it motivates employees to perform better day-by-day. Performance appraisal is the other tool to measure performance of employees which increases motivation level and determines the training needs among others. By implementing reward system in an organisation and recruiting the best talents of the industry and by retaining the top performers’, competitive advantage can be maintained. ... Employees are the backbone of any organisation and an organisation has to pay a substantial amount to the employees for rendering services. While facing cost pressures, organisations are bound to implement major cost saving measures by cutting the jobs of the employees. Consequently, it affects on the service quality of organisations. Organisations may face unforeseen circumstances. Organisations have to implement strategies incredibly decisively so that it does not hamper the operations. Otherwise, it may be detrimental for the organisation for long-term period. The influence of downsizing can not be kept away totally but it can be reduced. By reducing the cost, managers facilitate the organisation to generate profitability. Downsizing of employees affects a company in social as well as economic perspective. As after downsizing employees face tremendous challenge to survive. A company must consider the available alternatives and calculate the feasibility with applicability of cost-r eduction options before deciding on layoffs (Gandolfi, 2008). Cost reduction stages are framed by the assumption of certain periods of time to make cost adjustments which affect the HR practices. Short Range Cost Adjustments: The primary stage of the ‘cost-reduction framework’ signifies ‘short-range cost adjustments’ in order to arrest a short-term decline in business operations. The business slowdown is anticipated to be a period for six months. Companies face such type of challenges by virtue of sudden decline of sales (Gandolfi, 2008). Framework of Cost-Reduction Stages Source: (Gandolfi, 2008). The preliminary cost-reduction techniques must allow an organisation to focus on its activities in a cost-sensitive approach for an immediate improvement. The top management has to

The New Yorker Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The New Yorker - Research Paper Example These have led to so many magazines struggling of holding on to readers, a hurdle that The New Yorker magazine appear to easily overcome as its readers have been increasing since its launch in 1925, surpassing 1 million circulations in 2004 (The New Yorker, n.p.). This paper explores how The New Yorker overcomes competition from other sources of information and entertainment through its design and structure. I believe that there are boundaries and rules in designing a magazine that have to be adhered to give the magazine an appealing look and content rich in sought-after information as well as an entertainment touch. Such principles relate to the length and excitement of the articles, expertise of the author of the articles, inclusion of extra useful information among others. The length and excitement of the articles influence the readers’ motivation and urge read another publication. The authors’ expertise wins the readers’ trust while inclusion of extra useful information such as advertisements attract readers as they believe they will obtain extra of products/services around them at no extra cost. I will explore the structures of four issues of the New Yorker magazine (March 3, March 10, March 17 and March 24) which include culture and politics, poetry and fiction, humor and cartoons and criticism and reviews sections to establish whether it adheres to the magazi ne design principles of attracting

Men in Nursing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Men in Nursing - Research Paper Example The creation of special research departments in a growing number of education institutions, hospital and organization are also helpful to future nurses. Greater emphasis is put on research in the undergraduate programs. There is also a surging demand for Acute Care Nurse Practitioners, who provide care in various critical situations, where the patients have advanced, acute or chronic problems. Multilevel system of training of nursing staff enhances the quality of health services and reduces the economic costs of medical personnel training. Nowadays more and more men inter the profession of nursing. It is important to increase the level of professional responsibility of nurse business professionals and expand the range of nursing services. Key words: nursing trends, nursing issues, medical personnel. MEN IN NURSING Even the most proud and self-sufficient people become vulnerable, when they are sick. The patient wants to be treated not only by means of tablets, droppers and injections, he or she also need to have some moral support. After all, it is true that those people recover faster, who really believe in healing. By choosing profession, a nurse chooses a difficult path of providing help and support, caring as the mother of the patient. A nurse is a very common and essential profession; it assumes the presence of certain moral and psychological qualities of a person, who chooses this responsible profession, and the necessary training. Faithful followers of F. Nightingale ideas actively promoted the introduction of nursing education in colleges and universities of western countries. Despite the fact that the first university courses of the similar direction appeared in the U.S. in the late XIX century, the significant increase in their numbers occurred only after the Second World War, because the war clearly showed the significance of skilled nursing care (Snodgrass, 2004). In recent decades, the approach to the profession of nursing has changed worldwide. In the early 1990's, many European countries introduced higher nursing education. World Health Organization (WHO) and International Council of Nurses have contributed to the development of nursing as a science in Europe. Even the Reports Series â„â€" 347of WHO put the stress on the fact that nurses should be less dependent in their actions, should have a higher qualification training, in addition, they need to develop professional thinking that would allow them to make their own decisions based on scientific knowledge. At the present time the range of medical services is constantly expanding; there are medical institutions of various forms of ownership, day care, developing palliative medicine. The latter includes hospices, which provide medical assistance and care to patients with severe incurable disease and to dying patients, as well (D'Antonio, 2010). To assist such patients the nurses should possess analytical thinking, the ability to develop and implement a plan of medical sur vey, MEN IN NURSING nursing care, or necessary medical procedures in accordance with the technologies for their implementation, besides they should be able to justify their actions scientifically. The creation of special research departments in a growing number of education institutions, hospital and organization are also helpful to future nurses. Greater emphasis is put on research in the undergraduate programs (Stokowski, 2009, p.354). â€Å"There is also a surging demand for Acute Care Nurse Practitioners, who

Comparison of South Africa and the UK

Comparison of South Africa and the UK Introduction: Background of South Africa: Religions: Christians: 79.8%, Pentecostal: 8.2%, Roman Catholic: 7.1%, Methodist: 6.8%, NGK: 6.7%, Zion Christian: 11.1%, Anglican: 3.8%, Unaffiliated: 15.1%, Muslims: 1.5%, Hindu: 1.2%, African: 3.8% Culture: Westernized culture. Traditional culture has decreased; this means South Africa has similar lifestyles to those in Western Europe, North America and Australasia. Languages: Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swazi, Tswana, Tsonga, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu Customs: these are free imports allowed into the country: 200 Cigarettes 20 Cigars 50 ml perfume 250grams tobacco 1 liter of spirits (strong wine) 2 liters of wine Goods for personal use 250ml of Eau De Toilette Expensive items such as laptops may require a fee, which will be returned to you on arrival. These goods are not allowed: Local currency over 10 000 rand, endangered species of plants, animals Political Structure: Republic of South Africa (RSA) is a constitutional democracy. It consists of three structures of government: national, provincial and local governments. Judicial Structure: The body of judges and magistrates who sit in the Courts of South Africa. Background of Great Britain: Religions: Christianity is the major religion in the UK. Followed by Islam, Hinduism, Sikhism, Judaism and Buddhism. The UK is described as a multi-faith society. Culture: The cultures are combined. It consists of the 4 main countries the UK is made up of: England, Scotland, Ireland, and Wales. Each has its distinct cultures. Also mainly known as the British culture. Languages: They do not have a constitutionally defined official language. English is the main language, spoken by 70% of the population. Other 30% include Welsh, Irish, Cornish and British sign language. Customs: The British are well known for: Good and well-mannered etiquettes. Meeting and greeting. Gift giving. Dining etiquette. Political Structure: Great Britain is a constitutional monarchy. Judicial Structure: The judicial system in the United Kingdom are separate judiciaries of the 3 legal systems in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. They are a body of judges that sit in the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom. Body: Economic systems of Great Britain: About 25% of Britain’s is arable, and almost half is suitable for meadows and pastures. Its agriculture that is highly mechanized and extremely productive, about 2% of the labor force produces 60% of the country’s food needs. Great Britain is one of the world’s leading industrialized nations. It has achieved this position despite the lack of most raw materials needed for industry. It must also import 40% of its food suppliers. Thus, its prosperity has been dependent upon the export of manufactured goods in exchange for raw materials and food stuffs. During the 1970s and 80s, nearly 3.5 million manufacturing jobs were created in service-related industries. The main industrial and commercial areas are the great conurbations, where about one third of the country’s population lives. The administrative and financial center and most important port is Greater London, which also has various manufacturing industries. Liverpool, Britain’s second port, along with south port and Saint Helen are part of the Merseyside conurbation. Great Britain has abundant suppliers of coal, oil and natural gas. Production of oil from offshore wells in the North Sea began in 1975, and the county is self-sufficient in petroleum. Great Britain’s trade focus has shifted from the United States to the European Union, which now accounts for over 50% of its trade. Great Britain is the fourth most populous country in Europe. Those of English descent constitute about 77% of the nation’s inhabits. The Great Britain’s population has shown increasing ethnic diversity since the 1970s, when people from the West Indies, India, Pakistan, Africa and China began immigrating, in the early 21century. English is the universal language of Great Britain. Sovereignty rests in parliament, which consists of the House of Commons, the House of Lords, and the crown. Effective power resides in the commons, whose 650 members are elected from single-member constituencies. The two main parties are the conservative party, descended from the old Tory party, and the labor party, which was organized in 1906 and moderately Social Democratic, is a weaker third party. Both Scotland and Wales have nationalist parties whose goal is the independence of those respective regions. Economic Systems of South Africa: South Africa’s Department of Trade and industry has launched the R71-million Itukise Unemployed graduates Programme, which will help unemployed graduates get work experience by negotiating placements at companies for them. Itukise provided work experience to unemployed graduates for 12 months. The department will also seek to place interns at companies interested in the programme. The programme also presented an opportunity to develop and market the profile of the manufacturing sector to young people, in provision of decent work and in increasing opportunities for people learning both on and off the job. The most likely scenario for South Africa’s economic and political trajectory until 2030 is to â€Å"chronic underachiever†. The 3.8% growth rate is close to the 3.2% average and had achieved since 1994. But according to the SA futures 2030, ANC will slip under 50% by the 2040 election. The Madiba Magic path could be reached in one of two ways: The ANC does well in the coming election and embarrass on internal reforms. A second route would be if the ANC were to do poorly in the coming election, the Democratic Alliance and multiparty democracy were to emerge strongly and the ANC were compelled to make reform to the public service and state in â€Å"a race to the top† against the DA in improving social delivery. Political instability dominates as both tripartite alliance and the ANC engage in a bitter and violent competition. The Independent Electoral Commission (IEC) was hoping to get the majority of the countries nearly two million 18 and 19 year-olds registered, but ended up in that order with fewer than 700 000. The most interesting coalitions will emerge after the elections, when the ANC, DA and EFF will take the lead. Political Stability: As an emerging economy South Africa has not remained completely unaffected by the turmoil in other emerging economies world-wide, especially in Asia and lately also in Russia. This negatively affected investors’ confidence in these countries. Political change is an empty phase if it is not accompanied by changes in the socio-economic sphere, leading to meaningful changes in the quality of life of the ordinary citizen. Geographical Structure Geographical Location of South Africa: You may find South Africa at the south part of the African continent. It stretches across from north to south, for at least 1600 km. It has latitude between 22 and 35 degrees. And it also stretches from east to west for 1600 km, between 17 and 33 degrees longitude. Geographical Location of Great Britain: Great Britain is located off the north western coast of Europe. The total area of the United Kingdom is approximately 245,000 square kilometers. It is the ninth largest island in the world, and the largest in Europe. The term Great Britain is used to refer to England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland because it’s on the largest island in Europe. This list contains the area sizes of the countries: Demographics of South Africa: The demographics of South Africa encompasses around at least 52 million individuals of diverse origins, language, cultures, and religions. In 2010 were the last census been held and the next census will be taken anywhere from 2016 Unemployment: South Africa`s unemployment rate has decreased to 24.10 percent within the fourth quarter of 2013 from 24.50 percent of 2013 within the third quarter. The statistics of South Africa reports the unemployment rate of South Africa. Mortality: In South Africa statistical release has presented information on mortality and causes of death, this were all based on death notification forms that were received from the Department of home affairs for death that has been occurred in 2009. The outline release trends in mortality from 1997 to 2009, differentials in mortality are selected by demographics, social and geographic characteristics for death occurred in 2009. Fertility: There has been a widespread agreement in general that fertility has begun to decline amongst all major population in South Apartheid prior to the end of apartheid. It has occurred at a much faster level for whites and Asians as they are compared to mixed race and Africans. This has occurred amidst the impoverishment of millions. Life Expectancy: One in every 10 South Africans is HI-positive despite that, SA has increased in life expectancy, according to statistics South Africa. The population total of SA IS 52.98 million then it was counted in the census of 2011. By a year the life expectancy of South Africa has increased by 59.6 (57.7 for males and 61.4 years for females. Free State is the province with the lowest life expectancy. Major deaths: Violence and accidental injuries, HIV, intestinal infectious disease. Demographics of Great Britain: In every 10 years a census is taken simultaneously in all parts of the UK. Data for England and wales is collected by the national statistics and they are responsible for it. The total population of the United Kingdom was 63.181.778 in the 2011 census. Population : By 7.0 percent since 1971 has the UK `s population increased, from 55.9 million in more recent years growth has been faster of a greater result number of births rather than deaths from the late 1990`s with an increasing factor of migration. Unemployment: There has been measured by the office for national statistics within months that unemployment stood at 7.1 percent, or 2.32 million people out of work. Mortality rate: In the United Kingdom are alcohol-related deaths a number of areas that were combined and were chosen to cover range of economic and social housing issues. Fertility: The total fertility rate is 1.9 children born/ women. A global fertility rate always in general declined and is the most pronounced industrialization country. Life expectancy: Compared to a one person in the early 1980`s a man born now can expect more than seven extra years of life ahead. Calculations have showed that girls that were born between 2010 and 2012 could expect to live 82.8 years and 79.0 years can boys live. Major death causes: Disease of the circulatory system. Cancer, respiratory diseases. Economy of Great Britain: The social structure of the United Kingdom has historically been highly influenced by the concept of social class, with the concept still affecting British society in the early-21st century. Although definitions of social class in the United Kingdom differ and are highly controversial, most are influenced by factors of wealth, occupation and education. (2) The United Kingdom has the 6th-largest national economy in the world and is the third largest in Europe measured by nominal GDP and its purchasing power parity. The United Kingdom’s GDP per capita is the 22nd-highest in the world in nominal terms. The UK government’s welfare cuts and changes to taxation have encouraged economic inequality so intensely that they amount to ‘speeded-up Thatcherism.’ The divide between rich and poor is widening faster than in the 1980s, according to a new report. The slicing of UK welfare benefits and simultaneous cuts in tax credits means that inequality will have soared twice as fast by 2015. Living standards were 21pc higher in the UK compared with the average in the EU, the statistics office Eurostat said. â€Å"In Luxembourg standards were 50pc higher.† Individual consumption was used as the measure, often cited because it includes all goods and services that a household consumes, regardless of whether they pay for them. Britains rating is boosted by public services such as health and education, which are largely government funded. A welfare state is a concept of government in which the state plays a key role in the protection and promotion of the economic and social well-being of its citizens. It is based on the principles of equality of opportunity, equitable distribution of wealth, and public responsibility for those unable to avail themselves of the minimal provisions for a good life. The welfare state involves a transfer of funds from the state, to the services provided e.g. healthcare, education as well as directly to individuals. It is funded through redistributionist taxation and is often referred to as a type of mixed economy. Such taxation usually includes a larger income tax for people with higher incomes, called a progressive tax. This helps to reduce the income gap between the rich and poor and can establish some sort of equality between both rich and poor. Economy of South Africa: In South Africa with its high levels of racial inequality, inequality in income distribution is especially large and persistent. For an upper-middle income country in terms of GDP per capita and economic structure, there are still many people living in poverty. In its 2012-13 Global Competitiveness report, the World Economic Forum ranked South Africa second in the world for the accountability of its private institutions, and third for its financial market development, â€Å"indicating high confidence in South Africa’s financial markets at a time when trust is returning only slowly in many other parts of the world†. The countrys securities exchange, the JSE, is ranked among the top 20 in the world in terms of size. Thus indicates the extent at which South Africa has grown since 1994 up until now. Since the demise of apartheid in 1994, South Africas economic and social status has undergone marked changes. GDP annual growth has averaged about 3.5%, with the years 2004-2007 maintaining a 5% increase annually. Per capita PPP increased from $5700 in 1994 to $9560 in 2007. Measles immunization for children aged 12-23 months grew from 76% to 85%. And finally, the percent of South Africans aged 7-24 who had completed primary school skyrocketed from 77% in 1992 to a reported 100% completion rate in 2004, the last year for which this statistic is available The fact that more people receive social grants from the state than have jobs has created a flurry of alarm that SAs welfare spending is unsustainable, given the fear that unemployment could remain persistently high in a low-growth environment. There are many people who not over the age of 18 and therefore are not liable to be taxpayers as of yet and that impacts negatively on the welfare of South Africa. Imports and exports in South Africa have increased since the end of apartheid. South Africa is the second largest producer of gold, and is well known as the largest producer of chrome, platinum, manganese, vanadium, and vermiculite. South Africa is the world’s third largest coal exporter. Mining is only counted for 3% of the GDP. South Africa is well known for their large agricultural sector and is a net exporter of farming products. Top five markets of South Africa are: United States Germany Japan Zimbabwe China Imports and exports in Great Britain is the world’s fifth largest trading nation. Machinery and transport, manufactured goods, chemicals, and steel are Britain’s largest export earners. Britain’s pharmaceuticals industry is the world’s third largest exporter of medicines. Conclusion: We conclude that Great Britain is one of the most established countries and is much more developed, whereas South Africa is still developing, and slowly emerging in specific areas. Great Britain’s social structure is influenced by class, and South Africa’s is based on racial inequality, and income. Britain’s class is influenced by how wealthy the citizens are. South Africa was ranked second in the world for the accountability of its private institutions, and third for its financial market development, but many of these South Africans are still living in poverty. Word Count: 2585 Bibliography: References: http://www.studentpulse.com/articles/109/a-high-standard-of-living-brought-low-by-aids-in-south-africa http://www.southafrica.info/business/economy/econoverview.htm#.UyqX-NxaYpE#ixzz2wUAyoq53 Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_Kingdom http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_South_Africa http://geography.about.com/od/unitedkingdommaps/a/Great-Britain-Facts.htm Jill Pasqualle: Introduction : Backgrounds on the two countries Geographical Structure Imports and exports in each country, foreign relations, and trading partners. Ra-ees Peffer: Economy Deidre Lee Anne Plaatjies: Demographics and social structure Nomathamsanqa Pienaar: Economic systems

Essay on the Use of Third Person and Innocence of Language in Ake

Use of Third Person and Innocence of Language in Aké The Nigerian novelist Wole Soyinka's memoir, Aké, is a story told through the eyes of a child. Many incidents and the dialogues within these incidents are written in a tone which is suggestive of the innocence and actions which would only be performed by someone in a child-like state of mind. Soyinka's masterful use of this tone, and the primary use of first person in story telling combine to form a realistic childhood picture. In the third chapter we find young Wole describing a sort of parade which is passing before the walls of his home compound. This point in time seems to be when Wole first discovers the world beyond his front door. This realization can be likened to the destruction of the geocentric theory in which man comes to the realization that he is not the center of the universe. We see this realization in this quote from page 37: "It became clear then that we in the parsonage were living in a separate town by ourselves, and that Aké was the rest of what I could see." Another example of childlike thinking can be found in the description of a tuba. In the parade there is a man walking with a tuba. Wole makes the association of the bell of the tuba and the bell part of a gramophone. Young Wole says, "Tinu and I had long rejected the story that the music which came from the gramophone was made by a special singing dog locked in the machine. We never saw it fed, so it would have long starved to death. I had not yet found the means of opening up the machine, so the mystery remained" (41). Here we find child-like reasoning at its finest. At the end of Wole's story of his exploration of the world outside of his familial com... ...wo places," (187-188) Wole, along with his comrades, expresses this belief in bad magic. Another example of child-like rationality can be seen in the quick belief in a conspiracy theory seen in this line from page 188: "...they had come to 'spoil the ground' for others!" Child-like actions are found in the notions of justice, also found on page 188, when the children become judge, jury, and executioner of their peers with the line "Someone proposed that we search their luggage...and was vociferously cheered." The writing of a memoir through the eyes of a child can produce a highly entertaining work, as proved by Wole Soyinka. Through the use of third person and the masterful use of the innocence and language of childhood, Soyinka has written a memoir that can make us remember what is was like to see the world through the eyes of a child. Essay on the Use of Third Person and Innocence of Language in Ake Use of Third Person and Innocence of Language in Aké The Nigerian novelist Wole Soyinka's memoir, Aké, is a story told through the eyes of a child. Many incidents and the dialogues within these incidents are written in a tone which is suggestive of the innocence and actions which would only be performed by someone in a child-like state of mind. Soyinka's masterful use of this tone, and the primary use of first person in story telling combine to form a realistic childhood picture. In the third chapter we find young Wole describing a sort of parade which is passing before the walls of his home compound. This point in time seems to be when Wole first discovers the world beyond his front door. This realization can be likened to the destruction of the geocentric theory in which man comes to the realization that he is not the center of the universe. We see this realization in this quote from page 37: "It became clear then that we in the parsonage were living in a separate town by ourselves, and that Aké was the rest of what I could see." Another example of childlike thinking can be found in the description of a tuba. In the parade there is a man walking with a tuba. Wole makes the association of the bell of the tuba and the bell part of a gramophone. Young Wole says, "Tinu and I had long rejected the story that the music which came from the gramophone was made by a special singing dog locked in the machine. We never saw it fed, so it would have long starved to death. I had not yet found the means of opening up the machine, so the mystery remained" (41). Here we find child-like reasoning at its finest. At the end of Wole's story of his exploration of the world outside of his familial com... ...wo places," (187-188) Wole, along with his comrades, expresses this belief in bad magic. Another example of child-like rationality can be seen in the quick belief in a conspiracy theory seen in this line from page 188: "...they had come to 'spoil the ground' for others!" Child-like actions are found in the notions of justice, also found on page 188, when the children become judge, jury, and executioner of their peers with the line "Someone proposed that we search their luggage...and was vociferously cheered." The writing of a memoir through the eyes of a child can produce a highly entertaining work, as proved by Wole Soyinka. Through the use of third person and the masterful use of the innocence and language of childhood, Soyinka has written a memoir that can make us remember what is was like to see the world through the eyes of a child.